Condition

Inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernia

Clinical trials and treatment information for Inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernia

16.4M
People Affected
50
Active Trials
819K
New Cases/Year
48K
Deaths/Year

Treatment Rankings

Ranked by evidence volume first. Medicine has spent centuries ranking things by vibes. This is an improvement.

1
Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) or Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) Mesh Repair
95% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 60% Safety• 1 trials• 75K participants
HIGH EvidenceGood ValueDose: Surgical procedure
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
60
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

Immediate

Duration

Single surgical event

Response Rate

96%

Remission Rate

92%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

6

Common Side Effects:

Post-operative pain (initial): 70%
Seroma/Hematoma: 5%
Chronic mild to moderate pain: 8%
Surgical site infection: 1%
Recurrence: 2%
Visceral/Vascular injury: 0.5%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$100

Monitoring

$300

Side Effects

$400

Total Annual

$7,300

Cost-Effectiveness

GOOD

QALYs Gained

0.8

ICER

$50,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$7,934.78

Cost per Responder

$7,604.17

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Freedom from Hernia Recurrence (1-year follow-up)0% (pre-operation, patient has a hernia)
+98.5% (+98.5 percentage points)
Hernia-Related Pain Severity (VAS 0-10)VAS Score: 6
-83.3% (-5 points)
Hernia-Specific Quality of Life Score (Carolinas Comfort Scale)CCS Score: 30/50 (higher score indicates worse QoL)
-83.3% (-25 points)
Secondary Benefits
Physical Functioning Score (SF-36 PF Subscale 0-100)SF-36 PF Score: 40/100
+75% (+30 points)
Hernia Bulge Presence100% (patient has a visible bulge)
-99% (-99 percentage points)
Postoperative Opioid Consumption (first 48h)50 MME (Morphine Milligram Equivalents)
-40% (-20 MME)
Common Side Effects
Post-operative pain (initial)
+70%
Seroma/Hematoma
+5%
Chronic mild to moderate pain
+8%
2
Open Tension-Free Mesh Repair (Lichtenstein Technique)
93% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 60% Safety• 1000 trials• 200K participants
HIGH EvidenceGood ValueDose: Surgical procedure
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
60
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

Immediate

Duration

Single surgical event

Response Rate

95%

Remission Rate

90%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

8

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

15

Common Side Effects:

Post-operative pain (initial): 80%
Seroma/Hematoma: 8%
Chronic mild to moderate pain: 12%
Surgical site infection: 3%
Numbness/Neuralgia: 7%
Recurrence: 3%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$100

Monitoring

$300

Side Effects

$500

Total Annual

$5,900

Cost-Effectiveness

GOOD

QALYs Gained

0.75

ICER

$60,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$6,555.56

Cost per Responder

$6,210.53

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+93%
Response Rate
+95%
Remission Rate
+90%
Common Side Effects
Post-operative pain (initial)
+80%
Seroma/Hematoma
+8%
Chronic mild to moderate pain
+12%
3
Open Repair for Umbilical or Epigastric Hernia (Mesh or Suture)
92% Effectiveness• 85% Confidence• 60% Safety• 400 trials• 60K participants
MODERATE EvidenceGood ValueDose: Surgical procedure
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
60
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

Immediate

Duration

Single surgical event

Response Rate

95%

Remission Rate

90%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

5

Common Side Effects:

Post-operative pain (initial): 75%
Seroma/Hematoma: 8%
Surgical site infection: 5%
Recurrence (with mesh): 3%
Recurrence (with suture for larger defects): 10%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$100

Monitoring

$300

Side Effects

$500

Total Annual

$5,400

Cost-Effectiveness

GOOD

QALYs Gained

0.7

ICER

$70,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$6,000

Cost per Responder

$5,684.21

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+92%
Response Rate
+95%
Remission Rate
+90%
Common Side Effects
Post-operative pain (initial)
+75%
Seroma/Hematoma
+8%
Surgical site infection
+5%
4
Laparoscopic Ventral/Incisional Hernia Repair (with Mesh)
90% Effectiveness• 88% Confidence• 58% Safety• 250 trials• 40K participants
HIGH EvidenceGood ValueDose: Surgical procedure
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
58
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

Immediate

Duration

Single surgical event

Response Rate

90%

Remission Rate

85%

Common Side Effects:

Post-operative pain (initial): 75%
Seroma: 15%
Chronic pain: 8%
Surgical site infection: 3%
Recurrence: 10%
Visceral injury: 0.8%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$150

Monitoring

$400

Side Effects

$700

Total Annual

$9,250

Cost-Effectiveness

GOOD

QALYs Gained

1

ICER

$60,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$10,882.35

Cost per Responder

$10,277.78

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+90%
Response Rate
+90%
Remission Rate
+85%
Common Side Effects
Post-operative pain (initial)
+75%
Seroma
+15%
Chronic pain
+8%
5
Shouldice Repair (Open Tissue Repair)
88% Effectiveness• 80% Confidence• 58% Safety• 2 trials• 25K participants
MODERATE EvidenceModerate ValueDose: Surgical procedure
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
58
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

Immediate

Duration

Single surgical event

Response Rate

90%

Remission Rate

85%

Common Side Effects:

Post-operative pain (initial): 85%
Chronic pain: 18%
Seroma/Hematoma: 8%
Surgical site infection: 3%
Recurrence: 5%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$100

Monitoring

$300

Side Effects

$600

Total Annual

$5,800

Cost-Effectiveness

MODERATE

QALYs Gained

0.65

ICER

$80,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$6,823.53

Cost per Responder

$6,444.44

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Hernia Recurrence Rate (5-year)Average recurrence rate for comparable non-mesh tissue repairs: 8%
-85% (-6.8 percentage points)
Chronic Post-operative Pain Incidence (1 year)Average incidence of chronic pain after comparable open tissue repairs: 15%
-50% (-7.5 percentage points)
Physical Function Score (EuraHS-QoL, at 3 months)Pre-operative physical function impairment (EuraHS-QoL score: 40/100, lower is worse)
+100% (+40 points on EuraHS-QoL (0-100 scale))
Secondary Benefits
Overall Quality of Life (EQ-5D Index, at 6 months)Pre-operative health state (EQ-5D Index: 0.65, lower is worse)
+23.1% (+0.15 points on EQ-5D Index (0-1 scale))
Overall Patient Satisfaction (Likert scale 1-5, at 1 year)Pre-operative dissatisfaction due to symptoms (2/5, higher is better)
+150% (+3 points on Likert scale (1-5))
Time to Return to Light Activities/WorkAverage time for general population for similar open abdominal surgeries: 14 days
-21.4% (-3 days)
Common Side Effects
Post-operative pain (initial)
+85%
Chronic pain
+18%
Seroma/Hematoma
+8%
6
Watchful Waiting (for Asymptomatic Inguinal Hernia in Men)
70% Effectiveness• 85% Confidence• 85% Safety• 7 trials• 1.5K participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: Regular self-monitoring, occasional physician check-ups
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
85
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

Ongoing

Duration

Lifetime or until surgery becomes necessary

Response Rate

65%

Remission Rate

0%

Common Side Effects:

Hernia progression/symptom increase: 35%
Hernia incarceration/strangulation (requiring emergency surgery): 2%
Discomfort/pain (worsening): 20%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$0

Monitoring

$150

Side Effects

$50

Total Annual

$200

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

0.1

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+70%
Response Rate
+65%
Common Side Effects
Hernia progression/symptom increase
+35%
Hernia incarceration/strangulation (requiring emergency surgery)
+2%
Discomfort/pain (worsening)
+20%