Condition

Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension

Clinical trials and treatment information for Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension

24.5M
People Affected
150
Active Trials
734K
New Cases/Year
454K
Deaths/Year

Treatment Rankings

Ranked by evidence volume first. Medicine has spent centuries ranking things by vibes. This is an improvement.

1
SGLT2 Inhibitors (e.g., Dapagliflozin)
95% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 65% Safety• 30 trials• 50K participants
HIGH EvidenceGood ValueDose: Dapagliflozin 10mg daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
65
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

3-6 months for significant renoprotection

Duration

Lifetime

Response Rate

45%

Remission Rate

%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

19

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

15

Common Side Effects:

Genital mycotic infections: 8%
Urinary tract infections: 4%
Hypotension/Volume depletion: 2%
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (rare): 0.1%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$5,500

Monitoring

$1,000

Side Effects

$150

Total Annual

$6,650

Cost-Effectiveness

GOOD

QALYs Gained

1

ICER

$50,000/QALY

Cost per Responder

$14,778

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+95%
Response Rate
+45%
Common Side Effects
Genital mycotic infections
+8%
Urinary tract infections
+4%
Hypotension/Volume depletion
+2%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
2
ACE Inhibitors (e.g., Lisinopril)
90% Effectiveness• 95% Confidence• 70% Safety• 500 trials• 200K participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: Lisinopril 10-40mg daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
70
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

Weeks to months for full renoprotection, days for BP control

Duration

Lifetime

Response Rate

65%

Remission Rate

%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

15

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

10

Common Side Effects:

Cough: 10%
Hyperkalemia: 7%
Hypotension: 5%
Angioedema: 0.3%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$30

Monitoring

$1,000

Side Effects

$75

Total Annual

$1,105

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

2

ICER

$25,000/QALY

Cost per Responder

$1,700

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+90%
Response Rate
+65%
Common Side Effects
Cough
+10%
Hyperkalemia
+7%
Hypotension
+5%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4
3
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (e.g., Losartan)
90% Effectiveness• 95% Confidence• 70% Safety• 400 trials• 150K participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: Losartan 50-100mg daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
70
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

Weeks to months for full renoprotection, days for BP control

Duration

Lifetime

Response Rate

65%

Remission Rate

%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

15

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

10

Common Side Effects:

Hyperkalemia: 7%
Hypotension: 5%
Dizziness: 3%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$45

Monitoring

$1,000

Side Effects

$75

Total Annual

$1,120

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

2

ICER

$30,000/QALY

Cost per Responder

$1,723

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+90%
Response Rate
+65%
Common Side Effects
Hyperkalemia
+7%
Hypotension
+5%
Dizziness
+3%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4
4
Finerenone
88% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 65% Safety• 20 trials• 13K participants
HIGH EvidenceGood ValueDose: 10-20mg daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
65
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

6-12 months for significant renoprotection

Duration

Lifetime

Response Rate

35%

Remission Rate

%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

29

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

10

Common Side Effects:

Hyperkalemia: 12%
Hypotension: 3%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$7,000

Monitoring

$1,200

Side Effects

$250

Total Annual

$8,450

Cost-Effectiveness

GOOD

QALYs Gained

0.8

ICER

$80,000/QALY

Cost per Responder

$24,143

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+88%
Response Rate
+35%
Common Side Effects
Hyperkalemia
+12%
Hypotension
+3%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
5
Lifestyle Modifications (Sodium Restriction, Exercise)
85% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 95% Safety• 300 trials• 500K participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: Sodium <2.3g/day, 150 min moderate exercise/week
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
95
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

Weeks for BP effects, months for sustained benefits

Duration

Lifetime

Response Rate

60%

Remission Rate

%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

7

Common Side Effects:

Fatigue (sodium restriction): 2%
Muscle soreness (exercise): 10%
Headache (sodium restriction): 1%
Injury (exercise): 2%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$0

Monitoring

$50

Side Effects

$20

Total Annual

$70

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

2.5

Cost per Responder

$117

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+85%
Response Rate
+60%
Common Side Effects
Fatigue (sodium restriction)
+2%
Muscle soreness (exercise)
+10%
Headache (sodium restriction)
+1%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4