Condition

Chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus type 2

Clinical trials and treatment information for Chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus type 2

107.6M
People Affected
150
Active Trials
3.2M
New Cases/Year
477K
Deaths/Year

Treatment Rankings

Ranked by evidence volume first. Medicine has spent centuries ranking things by vibes. This is an improvement.

1
Dapagliflozin
92% Effectiveness• 95% Confidence• 65% Safety• 1 trials• 150K participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: Dapagliflozin 10mg daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
65
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

3-6 months for sustained renal benefits

Duration

lifetime

Response Rate

80%

Remission Rate

%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

20

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

20

Common Side Effects:

Genital mycotic infections: 8%
Urinary tract infections: 5%
Volume depletion/hypotension: 3%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$7,200

Monitoring

$1,200

Side Effects

$150

Total Annual

$8,550

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

1

ICER

$45,000/QALY

Cost per Responder

$10,687.5

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (UACR)950 mg/g
-27% (-256 mg/g)
Annual eGFR decline rate4.0 mL/min/1.73m2/year
-29% (-1.16 mL/min/1.73m2/year)
Systolic Blood Pressure138 mmHg
-3.6% (-5 mmHg)
Secondary Benefits
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)8.0%
-6.25% (-0.5%)
Body Weight90 kg
-2.5% (-2.3 kg)
Serum Uric Acid6.5 mg/dL
-10% (-0.65 mg/dL)
Common Side Effects
Genital mycotic infections
+8%
Urinary tract infections
+5%
Volume depletion/hypotension
+3%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4
2
Lisinopril
90% Effectiveness• 98% Confidence• 70% Safety• 1000 trials• 2M participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: Lisinopril 10-40mg daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
70
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

1-2 months for albuminuria reduction, 6-12 months for sustained eGFR benefit

Duration

lifetime

Response Rate

85%

Remission Rate

%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

15

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

20

Common Side Effects:

Cough: 10%
Hyperkalemia: 5%
Hypotension: 3%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$180

Monitoring

$1,200

Side Effects

$75

Total Annual

$1,455

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

1.5

ICER

$20,000/QALY

Cost per Responder

$1,711.76

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+90%
Response Rate
+85%
Common Side Effects
Cough
+10%
Hyperkalemia
+5%
Hypotension
+3%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4
3
Finerenone
88% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 65% Safety• 2 trials• 13K participants
HIGH EvidenceModerate ValueDose: 10-20mg daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
65
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

6-12 months for sustained renal benefits

Duration

lifetime

Response Rate

75%

Remission Rate

%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

35

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

15

Common Side Effects:

Hyperkalemia: 15%
Hypotension: 4%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$7,200

Monitoring

$1,700

Side Effects

$300

Total Annual

$9,200

Cost-Effectiveness

MODERATE

QALYs Gained

0.5

ICER

$130,000/QALY

Cost per Responder

$12,266.67

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Urinary Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (UACR)900 mg/g
-31% (-279 mg/g)
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Decline44.7 mL/min/1.73m²
-8.7% (-3.9 mL/min/1.73m²)
Systolic Blood Pressure138 mmHg
-2.5% (-3.5 mmHg)
N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP)350 pg/mL
-13% (-45.5 pg/mL)
Secondary Benefits
Diastolic Blood Pressure78 mmHg
-1.9% (-1.5 mmHg)
Annual eGFR Decline Rate2.8 mL/min/1.73m²/year
-46.4% (-1.3 mL/min/1.73m²/year)
Common Side Effects
Hyperkalemia
+15%
Hypotension
+4%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4
4
Semaglutide
85% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 60% Safety• 10 trials• 100K participants
HIGH EvidenceModerate ValueDose: Semaglutide 0.5-2mg weekly (SC)
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
60
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

6-12 months for sustained renal/CV benefits

Duration

lifetime

Response Rate

70%

Remission Rate

%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

45

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

10

Common Side Effects:

Nausea: 30%
Vomiting: 15%
Diarrhea: 15%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$11,500

Monitoring

$1,200

Side Effects

$200

Total Annual

$12,900

Cost-Effectiveness

MODERATE

QALYs Gained

0.6

ICER

$140,000/QALY

Cost per Responder

$18,428.57

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+85%
Response Rate
+70%
Common Side Effects
Nausea
+30%
Vomiting
+15%
Diarrhea
+15%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4
5
Metformin
75% Effectiveness• 95% Confidence• 65% Safety• 1000 trials• 5M participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 500-2000mg daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
65
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

1-2 weeks for glycemic control, years for long-term complications

Duration

lifetime (if eGFR allows)

Response Rate

90%

Remission Rate

%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

25

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

5

Common Side Effects:

Diarrhea: 20%
Nausea: 10%
Abdominal discomfort: 10%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$120

Monitoring

$1,200

Side Effects

$50

Total Annual

$1,370

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

1.8

ICER

$10,000/QALY

Cost per Responder

$1,522.22

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+75%
Response Rate
+90%
Common Side Effects
Diarrhea
+20%
Nausea
+10%
Abdominal discomfort
+10%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4