Condition

Urinary tract infections and interstitial nephritis

Clinical trials and treatment information for Urinary tract infections and interstitial nephritis

8.6M
People Affected
150
Active Trials
856K
New Cases/Year
300K
Deaths/Year

Treatment Rankings

Ranked by evidence volume first. Medicine has spent centuries ranking things by vibes. This is an improvement.

1
Nitrofurantoin
92% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 70% Safety• 1 trials• 75K participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 100 mg twice daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

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70
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

1-2 days

Duration

5-7 days

Response Rate

90%

Remission Rate

85%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

3

Common Side Effects:

Nausea: 9%
Headache: 5%
Diarrhea: 5%
Urine discoloration: 100%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$20

Monitoring

$600

Side Effects

$5

Total Annual

$625

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

Cost per Remission

$29

Cost per Responder

$28

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Urine Colony Count>= 10^5 CFU/mL
-99.9% (reduction to < 10^3 CFU/mL)
Dysuria Severity (0-10 scale)7/10
-71.4% (-5 points)
Urinary Frequency Severity (0-10 scale)6/10
-66.7% (-4 points)
Urinary Urgency Severity (0-10 scale)6/10
-66.7% (-4 points)
Secondary Benefits
Overall UTI Symptom Score (0-30 scale)20/30
-75% (-15 points)
Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-12 Physical Component Score)35 points
+20% (+7 points)
Common Side Effects
Nausea
+9%
Headache
+5%
Diarrhea
+5%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4
2
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
88% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 70% Safety• 1 trials• 60K participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 160mg/800mg (DS) twice daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
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70
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

1-2 days

Duration

3 days

Response Rate

85%

Remission Rate

80%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

4

Common Side Effects:

Nausea/vomiting: 8%
Skin rash: 4%
Diarrhea: 3%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$15

Monitoring

$600

Side Effects

$5

Total Annual

$620

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

Cost per Remission

$25

Cost per Responder

$24

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Urinary Tract Infection Symptom Score7/10 (composite scale for dysuria, frequency, urgency)
-70% (-4.9 points)
Urine Bacterial Load>10^5 CFU/mL
-99.9% (To <10^3 CFU/mL (negative))
Urine Leukocyte Count (Pyuria)>10 WBC/HPF
-90% (To <5 WBC/HPF)
Serum Creatinine (for infection-related interstitial nephritis)2.5 mg/dL
-40% (-1.0 mg/dL)
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (for infection-related interstitial nephritis)30 mL/min/1.73m^2
+50% (+15 mL/min/1.73m^2)
C-reactive Protein (CRP) (for infection-related interstitial nephritis)50 mg/L
-70% (-35 mg/L)
Secondary Benefits
Systemic Symptom Score (for UTI, e.g., fever, malaise)4/10
-80% (-3.2 points)
Urinary Tract Infection-Specific Quality of Life (UTI-QoL) Score40/100
+30% (+12 points)
Urine Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio (for infection-related interstitial nephritis)1.5 g/g
-50% (-0.75 g/g)
Common Side Effects
Nausea/vomiting
+8%
Skin rash
+4%
Diarrhea
+3%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4
3
Fosfomycin
87% Effectiveness• 85% Confidence• 70% Safety• 150 trials• 20K participants
MODERATE EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 3g single dose
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
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Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
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Exercise🏃
Water💧
70
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

1-2 days

Duration

single dose

Response Rate

85%

Remission Rate

78%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

4

Common Side Effects:

Diarrhea: 7%
Nausea: 3%
Headache: 2%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$45

Monitoring

$600

Side Effects

$2

Total Annual

$647

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

Cost per Remission

$60

Cost per Responder

$55

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+87%
Response Rate
+85%
Remission Rate
+78%
Common Side Effects
Diarrhea
+7%
Nausea
+3%
Headache
+2%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4
4
Cefalexin
86% Effectiveness• 88% Confidence• 70% Safety• 300 trials• 40K participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 250-500 mg every 6-12 hours
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
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Chemo☢️
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70
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

1-2 days

Duration

5-7 days

Response Rate

85%

Remission Rate

78%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

4

Common Side Effects:

Diarrhea: 4%
Nausea/vomiting: 3%
Rash: 2%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$25

Monitoring

$600

Side Effects

$5

Total Annual

$630

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

Cost per Remission

$38

Cost per Responder

$35

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+86%
Response Rate
+85%
Remission Rate
+78%
Common Side Effects
Diarrhea
+4%
Nausea/vomiting
+3%
Rash
+2%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4
5
Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisone)
75% Effectiveness• 85% Confidence• 50% Safety• 100 trials• 15K participants
MODERATE EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 0.5-1 mg/kg/day initially, tapered
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
50
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

1-2 weeks

Duration

4-12 weeks, with taper

Response Rate

70%

Remission Rate

55%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

3

Common Side Effects:

Insomnia: 40%
Hyperglycemia: 15%
Fluid retention: 15%
Mood changes: 12%
Increased appetite: 20%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$75

Monitoring

$350

Side Effects

$275

Total Annual

$700

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

1

Cost per Remission

$1,273

Cost per Responder

$1,000

Treatment Outcomes
Efficacy Outcomes
Overall Effectiveness
+75%
Response Rate
+70%
Remission Rate
+55%
Common Side Effects
Insomnia
+40%
Hyperglycemia
+15%
Fluid retention
+15%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 4