Condition

Typhoid fever

Clinical trials and treatment information for Typhoid fever

452K
People Affected
80
Active Trials
136K
New Cases/Year
93K
Deaths/Year

Treatment Rankings

Ranked by evidence volume first. Medicine has spent centuries ranking things by vibes. This is an improvement.

1
Azithromycin
90% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 70% Safety• 4 trials• 5K participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 500mg orally once daily for 7 days
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
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70
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

3-5 days

Duration

7-14 days

Response Rate

90%

Remission Rate

85%

Common Side Effects:

Diarrhea: 8%
Nausea: 5%
Abdominal pain: 3%
Vomiting: 2%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$15

Monitoring

$200

Side Effects

$20

Total Annual

$235

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

0.08

ICER

$2,938/QALY

Cost per Remission

$276

Cost per Responder

$261

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Time to DefervescenceMedian 4.5 days
-44.4% (-2.0 days)
Proportion of Patients with Ongoing Clinical Symptoms (at Day 7)100% of patients (at baseline)
-90% (-90 percentage points (reduction))
Proportion of Patients with Positive Blood Cultures (Post-Treatment)100% of patients (at baseline, confirmed bacteremia)
-85% (-85 percentage points (reduction))
Relapse Rate (within 3 months)7% (with some alternative regimens)
-71.4% (-5 percentage points)
Secondary Benefits
Abdominal Pain Severity (0-10 scale)6/10 (moderate-severe)
-66.7% (-4 points)
Fatigue Score (0-100 VAS)80/100 (severe fatigue)
-75% (-60 points)
Duration of Hospital StayMedian 7 days
-42.8% (-3 days)
Common Side Effects
Diarrhea
+8%
Nausea
+5%
Abdominal pain
+3%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
2
Ceftriaxone
93% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 70% Safety• 2 trials• 4K participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 1-2g IV/IM daily for 7-14 days
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
70
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

3-5 days

Duration

7-14 days

Response Rate

94%

Remission Rate

90%

Common Side Effects:

Injection site pain: 8%
Diarrhea: 4%
Nausea: 2%
Rash: 1%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$100

Monitoring

$1,000

Side Effects

$50

Total Annual

$1,150

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

0.09

ICER

$12,777/QALY

Cost per Remission

$1,277

Cost per Responder

$1,223

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Time to defervescenceExpected untreated/control group fever duration: 10 days
-60% (-6 days)
Typhoid Severity ScoreInitial acute score: 18/25 (higher indicates more severe symptoms)
-72.2% (-13 points)
Time to negative blood cultureTime to spontaneous/ineffective treatment clearance: 7 days
-64.3% (-4.5 days)
Duration of hospitalizationExpected hospitalization without effective treatment: 10 days
-50% (-5 days)
Secondary Benefits
C-reactive protein (CRP)Peak acute phase level: 90 mg/L
-83.3% (-75 mg/L)
Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) scoreAcute phase score: 55/63 (higher indicates more fatigue)
-63.6% (-35 points)
EQ-VAS Health State ScoreAcute phase score: 30/100 (lower indicates worse health)
+133.3% (+40 points)
Common Side Effects
Injection site pain
+8%
Diarrhea
+4%
Nausea
+2%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
3
Meropenem
96% Effectiveness• 85% Confidence• 70% Safety• 1 trials• 1.5K participants
MODERATE EvidenceModerate ValueDose: 1g IV every 8 hours for 7-14 days
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
70
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

2-4 days

Duration

7-14 days

Response Rate

96%

Remission Rate

92%

Common Side Effects:

Injection site reactions: 7%
Diarrhea: 3%
Nausea: 2%
Seizures: 0.1%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$750

Monitoring

$10,000

Side Effects

$100

Total Annual

$10,850

Cost-Effectiveness

MODERATE

QALYs Gained

0.1

ICER

$108,500/QALY

Cost per Remission

$11,793

Cost per Responder

$11,302

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Median Time to DefervescenceMedian 5 days from treatment initiation without Meropenem
-60% (-3 days)
Typhoid Symptom Severity ScoreComposite score (0-15 scale): 10/15 (severe disease)
-70% (-7 points)
C-reactive protein (CRP)Typical for severe infection: 120 mg/L
-75% (-90 mg/L)
Secondary Benefits
Duration of Hospital StayExpected 14 days for severe/MDR typhoid without optimal treatment
-50% (-7 days)
Abdominal Pain SeverityNumeric Rating Scale (NRS) 0-10: 7/10 (moderate-severe)
-71.4% (-5 points)
Appetite ScoreNumeric Rating Scale (NRS) 0-10: 2/10 (very poor)
+300% (+6 points)
Common Side Effects
Injection site reactions
+7%
Diarrhea
+3%
Nausea
+2%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
4
Ciprofloxacin
85% Effectiveness• 80% Confidence• 65% Safety• 1 trials• 6K participants
MODERATE EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 500mg orally twice daily for 7 days
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
65
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

2-4 days

Duration

7-14 days

Response Rate

85%

Remission Rate

80%

Common Side Effects:

Nausea: 4%
Diarrhea: 3%
Dizziness: 1%
Tendon rupture: 0.1%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$10

Monitoring

$200

Side Effects

$100

Total Annual

$310

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

0.07

ICER

$4,428/QALY

Cost per Remission

$387

Cost per Responder

$364

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Time to Fever ResolutionAverage 7 days (168 hours) without effective treatment
-57.1% (-4 days (96 hours))
Clinical Cure Rate0% of patients clinically cured prior to treatment
+92% (+92% of patients)
Bacteriological Cure Rate (negative blood/stool culture)0% of patients with negative cultures prior to treatment
+85% (+85% of patients)
Duration of Abdominal PainAverage 8 days of sustained pain
-62.5% (-5 days)
Secondary Benefits
Typhoid Relapse Rate (within 30 days)8% risk of relapse without optimal treatment
-75% (-6 percentage points (from 8% to 2%))
Duration of HospitalizationAverage 7 days for moderate to severe cases
-42.86% (-3 days)
Time to Return to Normal Daily ActivitiesEstimated 14 days
-50% (-7 days)
Common Side Effects
Nausea
+4%
Diarrhea
+3%
Dizziness
+1%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
5
Cefixime
83% Effectiveness• 80% Confidence• 70% Safety• 2 trials• 1.2K participants
MODERATE EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 400mg orally once daily for 10-14 days
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
70
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

4-6 days

Duration

10-14 days

Response Rate

85%

Remission Rate

80%

Common Side Effects:

Diarrhea: 8%
Nausea: 4%
Abdominal pain: 3%
Rash: 1%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$75

Monitoring

$200

Side Effects

$20

Total Annual

$295

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

0.07

ICER

$4,214/QALY

Cost per Remission

$368

Cost per Responder

$347

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Time to Fever ResolutionAverage fever duration (untreated/slow response): 7 days
-43% (-3 days)
Time to Overall Clinical Symptom ResolutionAverage symptom duration (untreated/slow response): 8 days
-37.5% (-3 days)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)Initial CRP: 80 mg/L
-75% (-60 mg/L)
Pulse RateInitial Pulse Rate: 100 bpm
-20% (-20 bpm)
Secondary Benefits
Health-related Quality of Life (EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale)Initial HRQoL (VAS): 40/100
+87.5% (+35 points)
Time to Return to Normal Daily ActivitiesAverage duration of functional impairment: 14 days
-50% (-7 days)
Severity of Abdominal Pain (Numeric Rating Scale 0-10)Initial Pain Score: 7/10
-71.4% (-5 points)
Common Side Effects
Diarrhea
+8%
Nausea
+4%
Abdominal pain
+3%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4