Condition

Kidney cancer

Clinical trials and treatment information for Kidney cancer

2M
People Affected
200
Active Trials
490K
New Cases/Year
161K
Deaths/Year

Treatment Rankings

Ranked by evidence volume first. Medicine has spent centuries ranking things by vibes. This is an improvement.

1
Pembrolizumab + Lenvatinib
90% Effectiveness• 95% Confidence• 30% Safety• 26 trials• 355 participants
HIGH EvidencePoor ValueDose: Pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks or 400 mg IV every 6 weeks, Lenvatinib 20 mg oral once daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
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30
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

2-3 months

Duration

Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity

Response Rate

71%

Remission Rate

16%

Common Side Effects:

Hypertension: 50%
Diarrhea: 56%
Fatigue: 49%
Hypothyroidism: 40%
Stomatitis: 35%
Proteinuria: 30%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$250,000

Monitoring

$20,000

Side Effects

$15,000

Total Annual

$285,000

Cost-Effectiveness

POOR

QALYs Gained

1.63

ICER

$616,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$1,781,250

Cost per Responder

$401,408

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)9.2 months (median for Sunitinib control arm)
+160% (+14.7 months)
Overall Survival (OS)35.7 months (median for Sunitinib control arm)
+50% (+18 months)
Objective Response Rate (ORR)36.1% (for Sunitinib control arm)
+97% (+34.9 percentage points)
Complete Response Rate (CR Rate)4.2% (for Sunitinib control arm)
+283% (+11.9 percentage points)
Secondary Benefits
Duration of Response (DoR)10.9 months (median for Sunitinib control arm)
+144% (+15.7 months)
Disease Control Rate (DCR)77.4% (for Sunitinib control arm)
+24% (+18.2 percentage points)
Common Side Effects
Hypertension
+50%
Diarrhea
+56%
Fatigue
+49%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3
2
Nivolumab + Ipilimumab
85% Effectiveness• 95% Confidence• 35% Safety• 96 trials• 550 participants
HIGH EvidencePoor ValueDose: Nivolumab 3 mg/kg IV + Ipilimumab 1 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks for 4 doses, then Nivolumab 240 mg IV every 2 weeks or 480 mg IV every 4 weeks
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
35
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

2-3 months

Duration

Fixed Ipilimumab for 4 doses, then Nivolumab until progression or unacceptable toxicity

Response Rate

50%

Remission Rate

14%

Common Side Effects:

Fatigue: 52%
Diarrhea: 49%
Rash: 31%
Pruritus: 26%
Nausea: 25%
Colitis: 10%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$200,000

Monitoring

$20,000

Side Effects

$15,000

Total Annual

$235,000

Cost-Effectiveness

POOR

QALYs Gained

1.4

ICER

$287,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$1,678,571

Cost per Responder

$470,000

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Overall Survival26.6 months (for sunitinib control arm)
+80.8% (+21.5 months)
Objective Response Rate (ORR)27% (for sunitinib control arm)
+55.6% (+15 percentage points)
Complete Response (CR) Rate1% (for sunitinib control arm)
+1000% (+10 percentage points)
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)8.4 months (for sunitinib control arm)
+53.6% (+4.5 months)
Secondary Benefits
Health-Related Quality of Life (FKSI-DRS total score)70 points (on FKSI-DRS scale, range 0-76, higher is better)
+5.7% (+4 points)
Duration of Response (DoR)6.9 months (for sunitinib control arm)
+189.9% (+13.1 months)
Grade 3/4 Treatment-Related Adverse Events63% (for sunitinib control arm)
-27% (-17 percentage points)
Common Side Effects
Fatigue
+52%
Diarrhea
+49%
Rash
+31%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3
3
Cabozantinib
75% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 30% Safety• 95 trials• 500 participants
HIGH EvidenceGood ValueDose: 60 mg oral once daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
30
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

Weeks to months

Duration

Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity

Response Rate

46%

Remission Rate

4%

Common Side Effects:

Diarrhea: 71%
Fatigue: 58%
Nausea: 46%
Hypertension: 38%
Decreased appetite: 38%
Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE): 30%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$200,000

Monitoring

$20,000

Side Effects

$10,000

Total Annual

$230,000

Cost-Effectiveness

GOOD

QALYs Gained

0.35

ICER

$90,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$5,750,000

Cost per Responder

$500,000

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)Median PFS with comparator therapy: 3.8 months
+94.7% (+3.6 months)
Objective Response Rate (ORR)Response rate with comparator therapy: 3%
+600% (+18 percentage points)
Overall Survival (OS)Median OS with comparator therapy: 16.5 months
+29.7% (+4.9 months)
Disease Control Rate (DCR)DCR with comparator therapy: 52%
+53.8% (+28 percentage points)
Secondary Benefits
Median Tumor Burden Change (Sum of Longest Diameters)Typical tumor burden change with standard therapy: +2% (slight growth)
-700% (-14 percentage points (from +2% to -12%))
Overall Health-Related Quality of Life (EQ-5D-5L index score)Typical score for advanced RCC patients: 0.65 (on 0-1 scale)
+5% (+0.03 points)
Cancer-related Pain Severity (BPI-SF score)Moderate pain severity: 5/10
-20% (-1 point)
Common Side Effects
Diarrhea
+71%
Fatigue
+58%
Nausea
+46%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3
4
Sunitinib
65% Effectiveness• 95% Confidence• 30% Safety• 241 trials• 1.5K participants
HIGH EvidenceGood ValueDose: 50 mg oral once daily (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off cycle)
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
30
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

Weeks to months

Duration

Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off cycle)

Response Rate

31%

Remission Rate

2%

Common Side Effects:

Fatigue: 65%
Diarrhea: 59%
Nausea: 44%
Mucositis/Stomatitis: 43%
Hand-foot syndrome: 40%
Hypertension: 31%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$120,000

Monitoring

$15,000

Side Effects

$10,000

Total Annual

$145,000

Cost-Effectiveness

GOOD

QALYs Gained

0.82

ICER

$70,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$7,250,000

Cost per Responder

$467,742

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Sum of Longest Diameters of Target Lesions (RECIST)120 mm
-18% (-22 mm)
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)280 U/L
-15% (-42 U/L)
Hemoglobin10.5 g/dL
+9.5% (+1.0 g/dL)
Secondary Benefits
Global Health Status/QoL (EORTC QLQ-C30)EORTC QLQ-C30 GHS score: 55
+18% (+10 points)
Fatigue (EORTC QLQ-C30 Fatigue scale)EORTC QLQ-C30 Fatigue score: 60
-17% (-10 points)
Opioid Consumption (Morphine Equivalent Daily Dose)60 mg MEDD
-25% (-15 mg MEDD)
Common Side Effects
Fatigue
+65%
Diarrhea
+59%
Nausea
+44%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
5
Pazopanib
60% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 40% Safety• 100 trials• 1.5K participants
HIGH EvidenceGood ValueDose: 800 mg oral once daily
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Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
40
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

Weeks to months

Duration

Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity

Response Rate

30%

Remission Rate

3%

Common Side Effects:

Diarrhea: 52%
Hair color changes: 39%
Nausea: 26%
Fatigue: 26%
Hypertension: 25%
Decreased appetite: 22%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$130,000

Monitoring

$15,000

Side Effects

$10,000

Total Annual

$155,000

Cost-Effectiveness

GOOD

QALYs Gained

0.8

ICER

$93,485/QALY

Cost per Remission

$5,166,667

Cost per Responder

$516,667

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)4.2 months (median for placebo-treated patients)
+119% (+5.0 months)
Objective Response Rate (ORR)3% (for placebo-treated patients)
+900% (+27 percentage points)
Overall Tumor Size ReductionAverage sum of longest diameters: 6.0 cm
-25% (-1.5 cm)
Secondary Benefits
Health-Related Quality of Life (FACT-G)FACT-G score: 80/108 (pre-treatment median)
+5% (+4 points)
Disease Control Rate (DCR)10% (for placebo-treated patients)
+650% (+65 percentage points)
Common Side Effects
Diarrhea
+52%
Hair color changes
+39%
Nausea
+26%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4