Condition

Inflammatory bowel disease

Clinical trials and treatment information for Inflammatory bowel disease

3.8M
People Affected
50
Active Trials
77K
New Cases/Year
42K
Deaths/Year

Treatment Rankings

Ranked by evidence volume first. Medicine has spent centuries ranking things by vibes. This is an improvement.

1
Prednisone
88% Effectiveness• 95% Confidence• 50% Safety• 26 trials• 100K participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 40-60 mg daily with taper
Find Trials

Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
50
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

days to 1-2 weeks

Duration

8-12 weeks with taper

Response Rate

75%

Remission Rate

45%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

2.5

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

15

Common Side Effects:

Insomnia, mood changes: 40%
Fluid retention, weight gain: 30%
Hyperglycemia: 15%
Osteoporosis (long-term): 10%
Infections: 7%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$75

Monitoring

$400

Side Effects

$250

Total Annual

$725

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

0.08

ICER

$20,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$1,611

Cost per Responder

$967

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI)CDAI score: 280 (moderate-severe disease)
-43% (-120 points)
Mayo Score for Ulcerative ColitisMayo Score: 9 (moderate-severe disease)
-55.6% (-5 points)
C-reactive protein (CRP)25 mg/L
-60% (-15 mg/L)
Fecal Calprotectin900 µg/g
-50% (-450 µg/g)
Secondary Benefits
Abdominal Pain Severity (VAS)VAS score: 7/10
-28.6% (-2 points)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ)IBDQ score: 120/224
+29.2% (+35 points)
Body Weight58 kg (underweight)
+6.9% (+4 kg)
Common Side Effects
Insomnia, mood changes
+40%
Fluid retention, weight gain
+30%
Hyperglycemia
+15%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
2
Infliximab
83% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 55% Safety• 259 trials• 50K participants
HIGH EvidencePoor ValueDose: 5 mg/kg IV every 8 weeks
Find Trials

Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
55
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

2-4 weeks

Duration

lifetime

Response Rate

65%

Remission Rate

35%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

3

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

40

Common Side Effects:

Infusion reactions: 8%
Infections (URI, UTI): 25%
Serious infections: 2%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$25,000

Monitoring

$3,000

Side Effects

$1,500

Total Annual

$29,500

Cost-Effectiveness

POOR

QALYs Gained

0.3

ICER

$180,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$84,286

Cost per Responder

$45,385

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
CDAI Score300 points (moderate-severe Crohn's disease)
-60% (-180 points)
Mayo Score9 points (moderate-severe Ulcerative Colitis)
-77.7% (-7 points)
SES-CD Score14 points (severe endoscopic inflammation in Crohn's disease)
-78.5% (-11 points)
C-Reactive Protein30 mg/L (elevated)
-60% (-18 mg/L)
Secondary Benefits
IBDQ Score140/224 (impaired quality of life)
+20% (+28 points)
Fecal Calprotectin1000 µg/g (elevated)
-65% (-650 µg/g)
Serum Albumin3.0 g/dL (low)
+20% (+0.6 g/dL)
Common Side Effects
Infusion reactions
+8%
Infections (URI, UTI)
+25%
Serious infections
+2%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
3
Vedolizumab
80% Effectiveness• 88% Confidence• 60% Safety• 162 trials• 15K participants
HIGH EvidencePoor ValueDose: 300 mg IV every 8 weeks
Find Trials

Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
60
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

6-10 weeks

Duration

lifetime

Response Rate

55%

Remission Rate

30%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

4

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

60

Common Side Effects:

Nasopharyngitis: 12%
Headache: 12%
Arthralgia: 10%
Infections (URI, UTI): 22%
Serious infections: 1.5%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$35,000

Monitoring

$3,000

Side Effects

$1,000

Total Annual

$39,000

Cost-Effectiveness

POOR

QALYs Gained

0.3

ICER

$200,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$130,000

Cost per Responder

$70,909

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Mayo Clinic ScoreModerate-to-severe UC (Mayo Clinic Score: 8/12)
-62.5% (-5 points (on 12-point scale))
Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI)Moderate-to-severe CD (CDAI: 320 points)
-56.25% (-180 points)
Mayo Endoscopic SubscoreActive inflammation (Mayo Endoscopic Subscore: 2/3)
-50% (-1 point (on 3-point scale))
C-reactive proteinElevated CRP: 15 mg/L
-53.3% (-8 mg/L)
Secondary Benefits
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) ScoreLow quality of life (IBDQ: 140/224)
+17.8% (+25 points (on 224-point scale))
Fecal CalprotectinElevated Fecal Calprotectin: 800 µg/g
-62.5% (-500 µg/g)
Common Side Effects
Nasopharyngitis
+12%
Headache
+12%
Arthralgia
+10%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
4
Ustekinumab
77% Effectiveness• 85% Confidence• 60% Safety• 100 trials• 10K participants
HIGH EvidencePoor ValueDose: IV induction followed by 90 mg SC every 8 weeks
Find Trials

Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
60
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

6-8 weeks

Duration

lifetime

Response Rate

55%

Remission Rate

30%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

5

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

60

Common Side Effects:

Nasopharyngitis: 11%
Headache: 10%
Injection site reactions: 5%
Infections: 22%
Serious infections: 1.5%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$40,000

Monitoring

$3,000

Side Effects

$1,000

Total Annual

$44,000

Cost-Effectiveness

POOR

QALYs Gained

0.3

ICER

$190,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$146,667

Cost per Responder

$80,000

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
CDAI Score300 points (CDAI Scale: 0-600)
-40% (-120 points)
Mayo Endoscopic Subscore2 points (Mayo Endoscopic Subscore: 0-3)
-50% (-1 point)
C-reactive protein (CRP)15 mg/L
-60% (-9 mg/L)
Secondary Benefits
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) Score140 points (IBDQ Scale: 32-224)
+29% (+40 points)
Fecal Calprotectin500 µg/g
-60% (-300 µg/g)
Average Daily Stool Frequency (for UC)6 stools/day
-50% (-3 stools/day)
Common Side Effects
Nasopharyngitis
+11%
Headache
+10%
Injection site reactions
+5%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
5
Tofacitinib
72% Effectiveness• 85% Confidence• 48% Safety• 40 trials• 8K participants
HIGH EvidencePoor ValueDose: 5-10 mg twice daily
Find Trials

Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
48
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

2-8 weeks

Duration

lifetime

Response Rate

55%

Remission Rate

18%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

6

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

40

Common Side Effects:

Nasopharyngitis: 15%
Herpes Zoster: 7%
Upper respiratory tract infection: 10%
Serious infections: 2.5%
MACE/Malignancy: 1.5%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$40,000

Monitoring

$4,000

Side Effects

$2,500

Total Annual

$46,500

Cost-Effectiveness

POOR

QALYs Gained

0.25

ICER

$250,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$258,333

Cost per Responder

$84,545

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Ulcerative Colitis Mayo Score9/12 (moderate-to-severe UC)
-44.4% (-4 points)
Rectal Bleeding Subscore (Mayo)3/3 (severe)
-66.7% (-2 points)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)15 mg/L
-66.7% (-10 mg/L)
Secondary Benefits
Stool Frequency Subscore (Mayo)3/3 (severe)
-66.7% (-2 points)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) Score130/224 (impaired QoL)
+26.9% (+35 points)
Fecal Calprotectin500 µg/g
-60% (-300 µg/g)
Common Side Effects
Nasopharyngitis
+15%
Herpes Zoster
+7%
Upper respiratory tract infection
+10%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
6
Azathioprine
62% Effectiveness• 85% Confidence• 35% Safety• 81 trials• 15K participants
HIGH EvidenceGood ValueDose: 2.0-2.5 mg/kg daily
Find Trials

Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
35
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

3-6 months

Duration

years

Response Rate

45%

Remission Rate

25%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

5

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

20

Common Side Effects:

Nausea/vomiting: 12%
Pancreatitis: 5%
Leukopenia/Thrombocytopenia: 3%
Hepatotoxicity: 2%
Infections: 7%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$200

Monitoring

$1,300

Side Effects

$500

Total Annual

$2,000

Cost-Effectiveness

GOOD

QALYs Gained

0.15

ICER

$80,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$8,000

Cost per Responder

$4,444

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) Score280 points
-43% (-120 points)
Ulcerative Colitis Mayo Score8/12 points
-63% (-5 points)
Prednisolone Equivalent Daily Dose20 mg/day
-100% (-20 mg/day)
Fecal Calprotectin600 µg/g
-67% (-400 µg/g)
Secondary Benefits
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) Score140/224 points
+21% (+30 points)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)15 mg/L
-67% (-10 mg/L)
Daily Stool Frequency8 times/day
-50% (-4 times/day)
Common Side Effects
Nausea/vomiting
+12%
Pancreatitis
+5%
Leukopenia/Thrombocytopenia
+3%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4
7
Mesalamine
45% Effectiveness• 90% Confidence• 78% Safety• 160 trials• 30K participants
HIGH EvidenceExcellent ValueDose: 1.2-4.8 g/day orally or 1g rectally daily
Find Trials

Comparative Safety Scale(Higher is safer)

Cyanide☠️
Meth💀
Cigarettes🚬
Chemo☢️
Alcohol🍺
Morphine💊
Antibiotics💉
Tylenol💊
Exercise🏃
Water💧
78
DangerousModerateSafe

Time to Effect

4-8 weeks

Duration

lifetime

Response Rate

60%

Remission Rate

40%

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

4

Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

15

Common Side Effects:

Headache: 8%
Nausea/Diarrhea/Abdominal pain: 7%
Myocarditis/Pericarditis: 0.5%
Nephrotoxicity: 0.5%

Annual Cost of Care

Drug Cost

$2,000

Monitoring

$500

Side Effects

$100

Total Annual

$2,600

Cost-Effectiveness

EXCELLENT

QALYs Gained

0.1

ICER

$30,000/QALY

Cost per Remission

$6,500

Cost per Responder

$4,333

Treatment Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Partial Mayo Score6/9 points
-50% (-3 points)
Rectal Bleeding Subscore (Mayo)2/3 points
-50% (-1 point)
Endoscopic Subscore (Mayo)2/3 points
-50% (-1 point)
Secondary Benefits
Fecal Calprotectin800 µg/g
-40% (-320 µg/g)
C-reactive Protein (CRP)15 mg/L
-30% (-4.5 mg/L)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) Score140/224 points
+11.4% (+16 points)
Common Side Effects
Headache
+8%
Nausea/Diarrhea/Abdominal pain
+7%
Myocarditis/Pericarditis
+0.5%

Clinical Trial Phases:

Phase 3Phase 4